Tag: ETCO2

Capnograph and video laryngoscope introduced for all codes at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 2012

1996-1998

1996-1998

Resident, Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Fellow, Clinical Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School

1990-1990

Consultant, Government of St. Lucia

2007-present

External Reviewer for promotions at various universities such as the Harvard Medical School, University of Pittsburg, Cleveland Clinic, Albany Medical School, Washington School of Medicine and University of Massachusetts

2008- present

Instructor, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

2012-2012

2012-2012

2013- present

2013- 2018

External Examiner, D.M. Anesthesiology Program, June examinations, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

External Examiner, D.M. Anesthesiology Program, December examinations, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

Visiting Professor, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2013, Sri Ramachandra University (an affiliate of Harvard International), Porur, Chennai, India

Consultant, Department of Surgery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

2015-2015

2015-2015

External Examiner, D.M. Anesthesiology Program, December examinations, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

External Examiner, D.M. Anesthesiology Program, December examinations, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados

“We thank you for
hearing our concerns and ideas,
keeping an open door, mind and heart,
offering a reassuring voice of reason,
leading during a time of difficulty,
communicating with honesty and care,
advocating for our better future,
inspiring us to embrace change,
and keeping a sense of humor.

With deepest gratitude and admiration,
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital”

2015

2016

Nominated to be the Scientific Advisor for the 8th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists and 1st World Obstetric Anesthesiology Congress, India

Nominated to be the Scientific Advisor for the 9th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Mumbai, India

2017

Distinguished Clinician Award by Brigham and Women’s Hospital, to recognize the most accomplished and most widely recognized practicing physicians on the BWH staff.

1998- 2018

Obstetric Anesthesia and Anesthesia for Interventional and Endoscopic procedures

Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

1998-2007 2 days per week with occasional weekends

2008-present 3 days per week with occasional weekends

I established a four-bed Intensive Care Unit at Guyana Mining Enterprise Limited Hospital, Linden, Guyana to serve the local community. The Intensive Care Unit was inaugurated by the Health Minister of Guyana and dedicated to the community. The local newspaper carried the new story of its development. I trained nurses via theory and practical teaching sessions. The unit successfully treated patients with Myasthenia Gravis, surgical, and medical patients.

This is the first study to determine the flow rates required during general anesthesia for cesarean delivery using Bain breathing system to maintain normocarbia of pregnancy rather than in advertently lowering the maternal arterial carbon dioxide. The results of this study help clinicians to avoid unintentional hypocarbia that can decrease uterine artery blood flow (Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 33(5):583-7).

This is the first study to show that end-tidal carbon dioxide tension reflects arterial carbon dioxide tension. The clinical impact of this study is prevention of hyperventilation resulting in lower arterial carbon dioxide tension that could result in decreased uterine blood flow. This study also showed that negative arterial to end-tidal gradients can occur in pregnant women. Although once considered impossible to occur, negative gradients do occur during anesthesia in pregnant women. A physiological explanation is provided based on the pregnancy induced changes in respiratory and cardiovascular physiology (Anesthesia, 41:698-70). The occurrence of negative arterial to end-tidal gradients has been subsequently confirmed by many investigators, and they offer the explanation provided from our work.

A subsequent study in postpartum women also confirmed that the respiratory physiology in the immediate postpartum period is similar to that during pregnancy (Anesthesia, 42:482-6).

For the first time, the cause of the decreased arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference in pregnant women was determined to be due to a decrease in alveolar dead space during pregnancy (Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 34(4):373-6).

1997-1993

During my anesthesia practice in Barbados, I was the key member to address several vital problems that are unique and inherent to small developing nations. To mention few, the disposable components of anesthesia machines were imported into Barbados. An unpredictable shortage of disposable equipment led to cancellation of cases. We created a database of all anesthesia equipment using DBASE software to track the use of disposables. An order was placed as soon as a critical number was reached for each component. This resulted in enormous savings as the items were ordered on an as needed basis in order to prevent excessive stocking. Barbados is a high humidity environment. When we installed oxygen concentrators in lieu of oxygen cylinders of piped oxygen supply, excessive water vapor condensed along the pipelines and made way into anesthesia machines. We designed innovative water traps along the oxygen pipelines to trap water vapor, and this solved the issue. I reviewed specific inherent problems of small developing nations and proposed solutions in a peer reviewed article ‘Anesthesia in Barbados’. I was a key member during the rebirthing phase of an entire operating room complex spearheaded by the Ministry of Health in conjunction with the World Bank. The design concepts and innovative changes mentioned above are still in existence, and the anesthesia staff in Barbados acknowledges my contribution even to this date.

Should air-oxygen replace nitrous oxide-oxygen in general anesthesia.

During my tenure in Barbados, we were confronted with a shortage of nitrous oxide on the island. At the time, it was customary to cancel cases due to fear of awareness if anesthesia is giving without nitrous oxide. Therefore, a study was conducted to demonstrate that nitrous oxide can be safely omitted during routine anesthesia without fear of producing awareness. Performing general anesthetic procedures without nitrous oxide has become a norm of today. (Anesthesia, 1987, 42(6):609-12).

A part of a two-member team invited by the Government of St. Lucia for investigating bizarre cases of post-anaesthesia facial swelling in several patients. A systematic interview of anesthesiologists, nurses and technicians was conducted in addition to examination of anesthetic practice, sterilization of non-disposable equipment and anaesthesia machines. The problem was traced to airways and non-disposable endotracheal tubes; the airways were sterilized using Cidex for 30 minutes, which was followed by inadequate water washing and soaking (approx. 10 min). The problem was easily rectified by thorough washing, rinsing, and soaking in water twice the duration of glutaraldehyde contact.

For the first time, the concept of dual capnography was described and employed during anesthesia to evaluate the ventilation/perfusion status of each lung. A simple sampling technique of expired gases from each lung facilitates the assessment of ventilation/perfusion status of each lung independently (Anesthesiology, 90(1):302-4). This helps physicians to identify a major pulmonary perfusion defect in a lung.

The need to address respiratory and cardiovascular physiology in pregnant women undergoing laparoscopic surgery became a necessity due to concerns of fetal compromise. Based on earlier studies in pregnant ewes, it was suggested that arterial blood gas measurements were required for pregnant women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for the fear of hypercarbia and consequent acidosis that is detrimental to the fetus. Our study was the first to prove that arterial blood gas analysis is not necessary and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is sufficient enough to monitor arterial carbon dioxide as it closely reflects arterial carbon dioxide. Because of this critical finding, anesthesiologists are confident enough to provide anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery in pregnant women using end-tidal carbon dioxide as a guide to predict arterial carbon dioxide levels in order to ensure fetal safety (Anesthesiology, 93(2):370-3).

I was the key member to initiate and develop a standard nomenclature to demarcate various components of capnograms. This nomenclature was deemed necessary for future clinical communication and research and is now adapted by many, including the Nunn’s Respiratory Physiology and the 2014 8^th Edition of Miller’s Anesthesia textbook. The study paper highlights the limitations of the current capnography devices and provides suggestions for the future direction of research and improvements. The concept of superimposing respiratory flow rate waveforms over capnograms to delineate the components of capnograms is already being implemented in some newer capnography devices (Anesth Analg., 91(4):973-7).

In order to address physician’s uncertainty of cardiac output changes during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy, we studied the hemodynamic changes during these procedures. We proved that the decreases in cardiac output is similar (30% decrease) in pregnant as well as non-pregnant subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgery; however, ephedrine boluses were required to maintain blood pressures within the pre-induction blood pressure range (Anesth Analg., 93(6):1570-1).

My website on capnography has been designed, produced, and maintained, with no sponsorship, to provide a complete review on end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during anesthesia and intensive care. This educational website for anesthesiologists, clinicians, medical care providers, emergency ambulance personnel, engineers, medical students and manufacturers is freely accessible to professionals all over the world. It’s an “All-In-One” on capnography using several animations designed, frame by frame, by me to explain underlying physical and physiological concepts of capnography in addition to highlighting clinical applications. The website has many downloadable modules that professionals seek my permission to use in their hospital or institutional teaching curriculum. The site that has over 450,000 visits annually and is ranked first or second of 330,000 results on all web search engines. My continuous commitment to educating professionals includes periodically updating the site, answering email queries, and initiating discussions on the future of capnography in technology and applications.

Capnography.com has been reviewed in many prominent anesthesiology and non-anesthesiology journals in the United States and Europe including the journal of Anesthesiology (October 2001), British Journal of Anaesthesia (October 2001), Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology (October 2001), and Canadian Journal of Anesthesia (April 2003). It has been summarized as a great teaching contribution on capnography. For example, Professor Elizabeth Frost of the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York wrote in the Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, “It is an effective teaching tool for all residents and helpful for the clinician who wishes to better understand the disease process that generates abnormal waveforms. I believe that a candidate for the oral board examinations might well find that 15 minutes spent at this site shortly before the interview proves invaluable.” Dr. C.J.R. Parker of the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, England, made the following comments in the British Journal of Anaesthesia: “There is lot of material on this site, and it is impossible to list all the good things.  It will be a learning resource for students – and I will be recommending it.  It may also become a forum for specialists.  A web publisher can reach a potentially vast readership, and has the opportunity to create something quite different from a book, with the possibilities of animation and of interaction.”

Capnography.com was also reviewed in this nation’s premiere anesthesia journal in the Journal Anesthesiology by Dr. J.M. Cusick, Director of Anesthesiology, at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona and edited by Professor James C. Eisenach of Wake Forest University Hospital as follows: “Dr. Bhavani Shankar Kodali has put forth great effort to produce the equivalent of a capnography textbook and made it freely available on the Internet. The site provides a complete review of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during anesthesia and intensive care.  In addition, his website provides animated graphics that are not possible to produce in a textbook and can greatly facilitate learning and therefore is recommended to students.  Capnography.com is truly an ‘all-in-one’ for the subject of capnography.”

Unsolicited accolades are left on the feedback page thanking me for providing such extensive and comprehensive information on capnography on the web for free. Some examples of unsolicited feedback include the following.

“I am creating an educational power point to test for competency in Capnography for our facility. I would like to get permission to use some of the images in your presentations. Thank you.”

“Excellent lecture for my residents and staff that need to learn about capnography for sedation. I would like to print out your PowerPoint to give to my residents, if that would be OK. It has your name on it, and I would not claim it as my lecture…just want to be able to print it out 4 per page so they have something to take notes on. Thanks, Dr. Bronk”

“Brilliant site, previously used it for my part 1 ANZCA exam 2 years ago. Now using it for my final prep. first time at the new look edition of your site today.”

“I am a Nursing Lecturer at Deakin University Melbourne Australia.  I teach in the Post Graduate Nursing Masters program, particularly in the critical care nursing stream.  I am putting together a PowerPoint audiovisual lecture for our post graduate students and am writing to request permission to use your fantastic animations of capnogram waveforms for educational purposes.  I would have this available only to the students in our course in a secure site and of course acknowledge your work as yours.  A link to your website would also be included in the lecture. If you are happy for me to use this material, could you please write back to this address? I do appreciate your time. Kind regards Gabby Burdeu”

“Dear Dr. Kodali

I hope you are well. I wonder if you could settle a query for us, please? I have just set a test for our anaesthesia residents and asked them about the physical principles underlying measurement of CO₂ in respired gases. All of them came back and described the Beer-Lambert Law. At first I thought they were just getting confused with pulse oximetry, but the more I mulled it over, the more I thought that the B-L law might actually be involved, and, on searching the www, a number of sites do say that the B-L law is used in capnography. However, the senior anaesthetists here continue to disagree, so we thought we’d consult the ‘God of capnography’!

Any help very gratefully appreciated.

Best wishes

Derek

Derek Flaherty BVMS, DVA, DipECVAA, MRCA, MRCVS, FHEA Professor of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia Head of Veterinary Anaesthesia, Small Animal Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine, Bearsden Road, Glasgow”

In addition to rave journal reviews and accolades from visitors to website, the site has been selected to be presented at society meetings and has received awards. The site was presented at the ASA annual meeting in 2001 and the Post Graduate Assembly at the New York Society of Anesthesiologists in 2002. The New York State Society of Anesthesiologists recognized the site with the Special Award at the 2004 annual meeting. Also, I received the Clinical Innovation Award from Brigham and Women’s Hospital Physician’s Organization (BWPO). Brigham and Women’s Hospital also recognized my contributions. When capnography became popular during CPR, BWH reached out to me to develop a HealthStream training program for medical residents. I also provided a similar CPR teaching module on my website for the benefit of all medical professionals.

Magnesium is known to affect the coagulation process, and magnesium is commonly used in women with preeclampsia. This study showed that magnesium as used in preeclamptic women does not alter coagulation and therefore is safe to administer regional anesthesia. This study used thromboelastography to study coagulation (Anesth Analg, 92(5):1257-60).

Designed, programmed, produced, and maintain an innovative website for pregnant women on pain free child birth options. This is the first site to use computer animation graphics to explain concepts of pain free child birth, side effects, and complications. The patients can access the information at home or in the labor and delivery suites equipped with computer internet. This patient educational website has been demonstrated at several professional conferences, notably the annual SOAP meeting in 2006. Since then, the site has been translated into eleven languages. Translation of three more languages is in progress. Many educational institutions and private practice groups refer their patients to this website. Furthermore, some institutions request permission to use my material on their patient educational websites. The SOAP provides a link to this site on their patient education module. The British Journal of Anaesthesia reviewed this website as a comprehensive resource on methods of labor analgesia.

To quote, “Two years ago, we surveyed mothers who had received an epidural in labour to find out where they obtained information about the procedure. Most cited ‘magazines’ and ‘friends/family’; <3% had used the internet to find out about methods of pain relief in labour. Today, a far greater proportion of mothers‐to‐be have ready access to the internet. This has been accompanied by a proliferation of websites dedicated to providing information to mothers about methods of pain relief in labour: over 71 900 according to google.co.uk. The top ranked sites vary in quality enormously from the blatantly commercial to those produced by charitable organizations dedicated to providing independent information for mothers‐to‐be. Most of the latter take a fairly straightforward ‘glossy magazine’ approach to discussing the ‘pros’ and ‘cons’ of analgesic options, but do not go into too much detail. One notable exception is www.manbit.com/obstetspain/default.htm, which contains much useful information especially ‘in defense of epidurals’. However, this site is quite technical in nature and is more suitable for anesthetic trainees than their patients. www.painfreebirthing.com addresses this ‘gap’ in the market by providing a fully comprehensive resource for those who wish to gain a fuller understanding of obstetric anaesthesia written in layman’s language. This site has the highest credentials, having been written by the academic department of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. It immediately sets itself aside from other websites by asking the user to ‘agree’ to terms and conditions of use before being allowed entry into the rest of the site. This device, familiar to anyone who has downloaded software, adds an authoritative feel to the website and emphasizes the serious nature of the learning contract between author and reader”.

Because there was abundance of confusion on the mechanism of how amniotic fluid produces severe hemorrhage in pregnant women, we set out to prove that amniotic fluid is a strong procoagulant and results in consumption coagulopathy rather than excessive fibrinolysis. Furthermore, the study stresses that amniotic fluid embolism is always associated with an altered coagulation profile. If coagulation is normal, it may rule out amniotic fluid embolism. (Anaesthesia, 60(11):1068-72)

For years, I have been advocating the use of capnography for monitoring during anesthesia as a means to enhance patient safety. I’m particularly passionate about making capnography a standard in anesthesia in my home country India and have dedicated a significant amount of my non-clinical time to educate anesthesia colleagues and administrators in India to recognize the value of capnography. These efforts paid dividends as many institutions now use capnography, even in the setting of small private practices. As a testimony to this, the State Government of Andhra Pradesh issued a notification that anesthesia and surgical fees will not be reimbursed if capnography and pulse oximetry are not used (India, Government of Andhra Pradesh Order, AST/775/F25/dated, September 2011). Currently, the President of the Indian Society of Anesthesiologists is pursuing the Government of India to issue duty-free status to capnography related equipment.

This is the first study to show that labor is associated with airway changes in both visible and concealed portions of upper airway. This has relevance in the clinical management of pregnant women presenting for anesthesia during later stages of labor, or in the immediate postpartum period (Anesthesiology, 108(3):357-62). The significance of this study was highlighted in the editorial that accompanied this study. The editor of the journal Anesthesiology republished this paper as ‘Advancing Medicine in Anesthesiology’ in the last issue of the same year as he thought the study findings may change future clinical practice.

I was instrumental in establishing a work room in the Shapiro Area, the central location in the operating room (OR) complex, so that staff can obtain items expeditiously in case of emergency. The initial design approved prior to me taking over as Clinical Director did not have a provision for the above work room. Considerable forethought went into this project realizing the future needs of the clinicians performing complicated cases. Years later, the benefits are still appreciated by all.

During the infrastructural design of the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), there was no plan for an Anesthesiology office. I negotiated for a redesign to include space for this office which allows anesthesiologists in charge of the PACU to be present at all times ensuring patient safety.

The Anesthesiology Floor Leader is in charge and responsible for overseeing the flow of cases across the entire operating room complex and outside of the operating rooms (about 60 locations). To facilitate this role, there has to be a continuous flow of information regarding the status of each case in these areas. I instituted an Anesthesia Command Center (ACC) with Central Monitoring Screens so that the Anesthesiology Floor Leader can see at a glance the status of each case as it progresses. Furthermore, the system notifies the call status of each anesthesiologist, and this is critical in effective staff deployment.

Prior to my intervention, for more than 70 years, the oxygen and nitrous oxide pipelines hung from the ceiling onto the floor to be attached to the anesthesia machines. For decades, the anesthesiologists were stepping over the pipelines to cross to the other side. I asked special pendants to be installed to the wall, so all the pipelines and electrical conduits go overhead to the anesthesia machines. One of the senior surgeons, who has been at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital for a long time, remarked that this is the best intervention he has observed in the operating room during his entire stay at this Institution.

Instituted a reliable anesthesia technician work force by revising the anesthesia technician’s job description and training them to help anesthesiologists start cases in a timely manner. The previous anesthesia technician group was not effectively trained therefore contributing to inefficiencies. Presently, the anesthesia technicians set the room ready to commence anesthesia induction.

The percentage of volume of cases being performed outside the operating room (OR) complex is increasing rapidly. One of my successful assignments is to bring all out of the operating room (OOR) locations to par with that of ORs. This has also resulted in the development of internal standards for anesthesia systems layout that is also being used in the proposed ‘Building of the Future’. This standardization of OOR locations has resulted in many Anesthesiologists volunteering to work OOR without hesitation.

• Improved the availability of CMACs (37 video laryngoscopes) in the operating room as well as outside OR locations
• Organized the availability of CMACs and capnography monitoring to all codes (may be first in the country).
• Ensure that all non-OR cases have nursing coverage similar to OR standards
• Assist in streamlining preoperative preparation of non-OR cases (work in progress)
• With the collaboration of Hospital and Anesthesia departments, I took the initiative to remodel anesthesia call rooms, which were neglected for 20 years, for on-call residents and staff.

Another important goal of mine is to improve obstetric anesthesia in India. To this end, I have given numerous lectures, participated in countless discussions, and lead many training workshops. I regularly participate in the annual ‘Anesthesia Continuing Education for Residents Conference’ for approximately 900 residents at the Ramachandra Medical University (an affiliate of Harvard International) in Chennai, India, and in 2014, I gave the lecture ‘The future of anesthesia is in your hands: What are your obligations?’ at the Vijaylakshmi Kamat (former HMS faculty) Memorial Oration Lecture at the University. The University conferred me with ‘Visiting Professorship’ status and title recognizing my contribution to educational teaching programs for anesthesiology residents. Honoring my contribution to obstetric anesthesia and anesthesia monitoring and safety, the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists in India awarded me with the ‘Citation and Oration Medal’ at the 2012 New Delhi Annual Meeting. Additionally, I have been nominated to be the Scientific Advisor for the 2015 8^th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologist and 1^st World Obstetric Anesthesiology Congress, India.

Recently, I published a peer reviewed article entitled ‘Establishing an obstetric neuraxial service in low-resource areas’ which highlights important issues that are essential to practice safe obstetric anesthesia. These principles can be applied all over the world to enhance safe obstetric anesthesia. (Int J Obstet Anesth. 2014; 23(3):267-273).

Masterminded a systematic approach to improve the relationships between members of the nursing and anesthesia departments to foster a harmonious working environment. In the long run, better relations and interpersonal behavior help improve overall OR efficiency. This team-building activity was initiated in 2011 with an annual get-together for breakfast. The nursing leadership recognized this novel team-building activity by adding a second get-together breakfast in September inviting new CA1s to make them feel at ease during residency commencement at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

I am currently a key participant in the designing phase of the new OR complex to be built in the next five years. I have provided several suggestions to improve the patient flow and addressed several shortcomings of the past.

Realizing the value of capnography outside of the operating rooms, I wrote a clinical concepts commentary explaining underlying applications of capnography OOORs to anesthesiologists as well clinicians and other clinical care providers (Anesthesiology, 118:192-201). As Anesthesiology recognized the value of this contribution, the editor made this clinical commentary available free to all readers from the date of publication. As per the Anesthesiology.org website (December 2^nd, 2014), this paper is ranked #1 or #2 in the most viewed category in Anesthesiology journal since 1999.

I also made available teaching modules explaining the role of capnography during sedation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on Capnography.com. These PowerPoint teaching modules can be downloaded for internal use in any Institution.

I’m the Clinical Lead for EPIC implementation for anesthesiology services in the operating rooms in BWH as well as satellite locations Foxboro and Faulkner Hospitals. Given the size of our department of over 300 members, this enormous project requires in-depth planning and execution.

Our study ‘Variability of Subspecialty-Specific Anesthesia-Controlled Times at Two Academic Institutions’ highlights the variations in Anesthesia-Controlled Times for each surgical specialty (J Med Syst., 38:11). These times are vital in the computation of the first case on time (FCOT) starts in a tertiary teaching center. The results enabled us to adjust FCOT based on each specific specialty. This was necessary since every specialty has different needs and preparations for intended surgery. This study benefitted us to understand delays in FCOTs, and I am a key member helping our institution achieve FCIR and FCOT targets close to institutional targets. As of March 2014, we are at FCIR to 88% and FCOT to 71% (up from 34% four to five years ago). This was done by encouraging anesthesia colleagues to achieve targets and receiving feedback from many members of the department. This way, every individual feels they are a key member of the entire process and are enabling to reach the set targets. The results were presented and also published for the benefit of other institutions (J Med Syst., 38:11).

This study analyzes multidisciplinary factors decreasing turn over time (TOT). Operating room TOT is a complex process, and decreasing TOT is equally complex. We studied this process in depth, including sustainability of changes that decrease TOT (J Surg Res., 187:403-11). Some initiatives we studied helped to decrease TOT. We are currently in the process of implementing changes to attain sustainable improvements in decreasing TOT. The resulting article from this study was added to the comprehensive OR management bibliography (www.FranklinDexter.net/bibliography_TurnoverTimes.htm).

Franklin Dexter, MD PhD
Professor, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa
Anesthesia & Analgesia, Statistical Editor and Section Editor for Economics Education, and Policy
Franklin-Dexter@UIowa.edu
Consulting, on-line education, and the comprehensive OR management bibliography, www.FranklinDexter.net

The current trend is to use high plasma to RBC ration during hemorrhage in trauma and major surgical patients associated with bleeding. Obstetric hemorrhage is no exception to this rule and therefore this strategy of high plasma to RBC ratio has been adapted in many institutions including ours. However, there is no prospective or laboratory studies to validate this hypothesis. We were the first to analyze this in an in-vitro study. This study shows that 1:1:1 RBC:Plasma:Platelets are more efficacious than the conventional 3:1 RBC:Plasma only in the presence of adequate platelet numbers. What is usually considered an adequate number of platelets, 50,000 /µL, is not adequate during hemorrhage and transfusions, and a platelet count closer to 100,000/ µL may be optimal. This study was an editor’s pick in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

After observing surgical operating room environments for 40 years, I have realized that mutual communication and respect among key groups is sparse. This is a universal observation I have made throughout my long career across different continents. This is most likely due to clinicians’ lack of understanding that ultimately team work results in successes rather than the general ‘all because of me’ myth. Moreover, medical curriculums do not include lessons on mutual respect and team behavior. A lack of team work and mutual respect has led to poor outcomes in surgical and medical practices. The CRICO organization also firmly believes that the lack of communication and mutual respect among care providers impedes the ability to function as one entity.  I firmly believe that this training must occur during the residency training period. Therefore, I spearheaded a mission of facilitating simulation sessions where surgical and anesthesia residents, along with nurses participate jointly at the Stratus Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital.  This methodology promotes mutual respect, close loop communication, and team work among care providers very early in their training. Moreover, the team that participates in simulation exercises could be the same team that is involved in an actual crisis in the Institution. Two sessions successfully were completed, and tremendously positive feedback was the result. Further sessions will determine its ultimate success.

This year, realizing the benefit of the casual breakfast sessions started in 2011, the Chief Nursing Officer and Chairmen of Surgery and Anesthesiology have decided to extend the casual meeting between nurses and anesthesiologists to include surgeons. This is probably one of the greatest success stories fostering teamwork at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. I hope that other Institutions in the world follow this process of fostering mutual respect and teamwork.

Guyana, South America

1989-1993

Senior Consultant, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados, West Indies

2001-2002

Guest Editor, Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia

Mentor: Is maternal temperature rise during labor analgesia a physiological process due to decreased pulmonary ventilation? Abstract accepted for Gertie Marx Research Competition, SOAP, May13-17, 2015, Colorado Springs, Colorado

2017

Mentor: Effect of music on labor and delivery.  Abstract accepted for oral presentation, SOAP, May20-22, 2015, Boston, Massachusetts.

Amber Bernhardt, MD, Clinical Fellows, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Mentor: Anatomy of epidural needles

Career Mentor in Barbados.

Career Mentor: Peer reviewed publications. Currently editing a book on Anesthesia Equipment jointly.

Career Advisor and Mentor in Barbados.

1999-2000

Supervised the effect of Hetastarch on coagulation. Abstract, Anesthesiology SOAP suppl 1999.

Paul Nelson, MD, Anesthesiologist, Austin, Texas

Supervisor: Can epidural saline promote recovery from spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology Suppl 2000.

2000

Mentor: Projects published as peer review papers.

Lecture: How to make your epidurals work, Harvard Medical School (HMS) Regional Anesthesia Update, Royal Sonesta Hotel, Cambridge, Boston, MA

Supervised a project: Cerebral oxygenation during cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology Suppl 2000.

Clinical supervisor for Fellowship and mentor for a chapter in Churchill Davidson’s Text Book of Anesthesia.

Supervisor for study: Do rapidly administered intermittent epidural boluses provide better labor analgesia? Anesthesiology Suppl 2000.

Mentor for the study: Airway changes in labor using acoustic technology. Peer reviewed and published in Anesthesiology.

Study advisor: Effect of supine position duration on the headache relief following epidural blood patch. Anesthesiology 2002 Suppl.

Mentor: Regional anesthesia in parturients with low platelet counts. Anesthesiology 2003 Suppl.

Mentor: Peer reviewed publication.

Mentor for fellowship and supervised Where do our patients obtain information about labor pain relief? Anesthesiology 2003 Suppl.

Supervisor and mentor: Quantitative and qualitative relationship of platelets in pregnancy. Anesthesiology 2004 Suppl.

Supervised a study on Indications of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2004 Suppl.

Supervisor and mentor for thoracic fellowship. Mentor: Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference during thoracoscopic surgery. Anesthesiology 2004 Suppl.

Menteor: Anesthetic, obstetric, and neonatal issues of in-utero fetal surgery. Anesthesiology 2006 Suppl.  Published as peer reviewed article in Journal of Perinatology.

2008- present

Mentor: Uptodate article on ‘Postoperative pain following gynecological surgery’.

Instructor, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA- minimum 4 days/year

Mentor: Use of PVI in the prediction of hypotesnion following spinal aneshesia. SOAP presentation.

Advisor for clinical studies.  Published two chapters.

Mentor: Traditional versus new transfusion protocol for obstetric hemorrhage. Whichi is better. Won Gertie Marx Award for the best paper.

Mentor: Chapter: Capnography in Intensive care units.

Mentor: Comparison of disposable and nondisposable sonsors for measuring hemoglobin noninvasively. SOAP 2011.

2012-2018

Mentor: Cardiac output changes in following epidural and combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor and delivery.  SOAP 2012.

Course Director for annual Harvard Airway Workshop, HMS Harvard Anesthesia update, Fairmont Copley, Course conducted at Stratus Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Mentor: Chapters and peer reviewed publication

Mentor: Chapter on Capnography for Intensive Care Nursing text book

Mentor: Operating room Efficiency and processes.  Peer reviewed publication

Mentor: Evaluation of Respiratory Monitoring Device, a novel device to measure minute ventilation.

2017

Mentor: Evaluation of Respiratory Monitoring Device, a novel device to measure minute ventilation.

Amber Bernhardt, MD and Kyle Jespersen, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Mentor: Anatomy of epidural needles

Evaluation of non-invasive respiratory monitoring versus capnography in patients receiving intravenous sedation.

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Does maternal fever during labor analgesia has any relationship with maternal ventilation?

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Do rapidly administered intermittent epidural boluses provide better labor analgesia?

Abott Inc.

Arterial and end tidal CO₂ difference during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy

Anesthesia Research Foundation

Thromboelastography in patients receiving warfarin prophylaxis and epidural analgesia

PI: Hepner

Thromboelastography in parturients receiving magnesium

Haemoscope Inc.

In vitro fertilization induced changes in coagulation using thromboelastography Haemoscope Inc.

Duration of the supine position after an epidural blood patch.

PI: Hepner

General anesthesia for cesarean delivery. What is the etiology?

PI: Hepner

Complementary and alternative medicine use in patients undergoing In-vitro Fertilization procedures.

PI: Tsen

How does amniotic fluid affect coagulation?

Haemoscope Inc.

Website – Capnography and Pain free birthing

Funded by self

Evaluation of a Novel Whole Blood Platelet Function Test in Parturients

How do Pregnant Women obtain Information about Pain Relief Methods for Labor and Delivery? A Survey

Anesthetic Considerations in Fetal Surgery

Arterial to End-tidal Carbon Dioxide Differences during Anesthesia of Thoracoscopic Surgery

Correlation between transcutaneous CO₂ monitoring and arterial PaCO₂

Sentec AG

Evaluation of novel capnography techniques Cardiopulmonary Technologies, Inc.

Low Platelets in Pregnancy. How Low is Good Enough?

Oxytocin versus calcium for uterine tone enhancement following cesarean delivery

PI: Tsen

Comparison of activated clotting time, thromboelastogram, and Anti-Xa assay in detecting decline of therapeutic concentration of enoxaparin

Evaluation of non-invasive physiological parameters during aortic cross clamping Respronics Inc.

Prediction hypotension during spinal anesthesia from preoperative PI and PVI noninvasive pulse oximetry variables

Masimo Technology, Inc

Coagulation Profile of the Blood used for Epidural Blood Patch

Evaluation of Non-Invasive Physiological Parameters during Aortic Cross Clamping Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

Traditional versus New Transfusion Protocol for Obstetrics. Which is Better?

Evaluation of SpHb Monitor for Obstetrics

Masimo Technology, Inc

Evaluation of cardiac output changes following labor epidural and combined spinal epidural anesthesia

Interdepartmental and intradepartmental funds, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

2012-2017

2015-2017

Cardiac output differences in obese and non obese pregnant patients

To determine cardiac output changes during labor in obese and non obese pregnant patients as co-investigator

Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

$7,500

(PI: 100%)

To determine cardiac output monitoring during caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia will change our clinical practice of using Vasopressors

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

$7,500

(PI: 100%)

Music during labor epidural placement and patient satisfaction

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA

23.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography in clinical practice, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 1998.

24.  Kodali, BS. 15 sessions per year of clinical conferences/problem-based learning sessions and lectures to Obstetric Anesthesia residents and fellows at afternoon conferences. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 1998-present.

25.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Coagulation issues in Obstetrics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 1999.

26.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 1999.

27.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2000.

28.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Understanding Capnography via web, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2001.

29.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Learning Capnography via web, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2001.

30.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography: What one should know, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. 2002.

31.  Kodali, BS. Clinical Conference: Anesthesia outside operating room. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2002.

32.  Kodali, BS. Clinical Conference: Air in the epidural space. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2002.

33.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography: What one should know. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2002.

34.  Kodali, BS. Clinical Conference: Anesthesia in the MRI suite for peritracheal mass ablation. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2003.

35.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Physiology of Capnography. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2003.

36.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: A whip of nitrogen or grain of salt. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2004.

37.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2006.

38.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Introduction to Capnography. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2007.

39.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Essentials of monitoring during sedation for the Nurses of Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2008.

40.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Introduction of Capnography to Respiratory Therapists, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2008.

41.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Tip of Iceberg. Critical Obstetric Nursing, Critical Care Nursing, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2008.

42.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the baby. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2009.

43.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Physiology of Laparoscopy – Should we be using vasopressin?. Center of Infertility and Reproductive Surgery. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2009.

44.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography in Clinical Practice. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2012.

45.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography outside the operating rooms. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2013.

46.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2013.

47.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: What are the Physiology and Anesthetic/Obstetric Implications of Morbidly Obese Pregnant Patients?. Department of Anesthesiology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA. 2015.

48.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Capnography – Where is it after three decades? It is everywhere. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2016.

49.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Physiological dead space and volume capnography Bohr to Bohr. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. 2018.

50.  Kodali BS. Grand Rounds: Physiological dead space and volume capnography Bohr to Bohr. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. 2018.

51.  Kodali BS. Grand Rounds. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 2019

55.  Kodali BS. Morbidity and Mortality Conference. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. August 2019.

56.  Kodali BS. Emotional Intelligence – Fostering collaboration in the workplace. Junior Faculty Workshop. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD. February 25^th, 2021.

58.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Operating Room Efficiency Matrix, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA. 2011.

59.  Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Optimal Maternal and Neonatal Outcome: How to Achieve our Common Goal, How to Optimize your Labor Analgesia, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Anesthesiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA. 2015.

60.  Kodali, BS. Capnography for Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Boston EMS Paramedic Refresher, Boston, MA. 2016.

61.  Kodali, BS. Thromboelastography Guided Resuscitation, Trauma, Emergency Surgery, & Surgical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. 2016.

62.  Kodali, BS. Capnography – Exploiting the Benefits inside and outside the operating rooms, Veterans Administration Hospital, Roxbury, MA. 2016

63.  Kodali, BS. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) ANESTHESIOLOGY ® 2017, Boston, MA. 2017

65.  Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography. What one should know, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. 2000.

66.  Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography in Clinical Practice, University of Medical and Dental School, New Jersey. 2001.

67.  Kodali, BS. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The status of current resident training and experience, SOAP, San Diego, California. 2001.

68.  Kodali, BS. Demonstration of the patient educational website on www.painfreebirthing.com , 34th Annual meeting of Society of Anesthesiologists and Perinatalogy Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina. 2002.

69.  Kodali, BS. How do we educate our patients about Obstetric Anesthesia? (Animated Website: – www.painfreebirthing.com). (SOAP), Hilton Head, South Carolina. 2002.

70.  Kodali, BS. www.painfreebirthing.com Scientific Exhibit. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida. 2002.

71.  Kodali, BS. www.capography.com and painfreebirthing.com: Innovative teaching methods. Scientific Exhibit. The New York State Society of Anesthesiologists Postgraduate Assembly, New York. 2002.

72.  Kodali, BS. Moderator, Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring and Engineering Technology, ASA Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA. 2003.

73.  Kodali, BS. Three case discussions on Obstetric Anesthesia practice, ASA Panel case discussion, San Francisco, CA. 2003.

74.  Kodali, BS. Grand rounds lecture: Capnography, Duke University Anesthesiology Department, NC. 2003.

75.  Kodali, BS. Grand rounds lecture: Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy, Duke University Anesthesiology Department, NC. 2003.

76.  Kodali, BS. Lecture: Predicting Difficult Airway in Obstetrical Patient, Texas Anesthesia Society Conference, Texas. 2003.

77.  Kodali, BS. Lecture: The Role of Capnography in the Recognition and Management of Esophageal Intubation, Texas Anesthesia Society Conference, Texas. 2003.

78.  Kodali, BS. Lecture: Educating Parturients About Their Anesthetic Options, Texas Anesthesia Society Conference, Texas. 2003.

79.  Kodali, BS. Capnography and its applications, Street Level Airway Conference, Fortworth, Texas. 2004.

80.  Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia education – From labor rooms to the United Nations and World, (SOAP), Ft Myers, Florida. 2004.

81.  Kodali, BS. Moderator, Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring and Engineering Technology, 99^th ASA Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. 2004.

82.  Kodali, BS. Capnography (CO₂ monitoring) is no longer the domain of anesthesiologists CME meeting of JIPMER Alumni Association of North America, Sponsored by CME Department of Victory Memorial Hospital, New York. 2005.

83.  Kodali, BS. Invited Professor, Pain Management and Sedation. The Cardinal Health Center for Medication Safety and Clinical Improvement. San Diego, California. 2005.

84.  Kodali, BS. Moderator, Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring and Engineering Technology, ASA Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. 2005.

85.  Kodali, BS. Moderator, Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring and Engineering Technology, 102^nd ASA Annual Meeting, New York, NY. 2007.

86.  Kodali, BS. Moderator for Practice Safety and Management, ASA 2009, New Orleans, Louisiana

87.  Kodali, BS. 3-D Understanding of thoracic epidural placement, Scientific Exhibit. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Scientific Exhibit, New Orleans, LA. 2009.

88.  Kodali, BS. How to obtain maximum benefit from Capnography in clinical practice, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL. 2010.

89.  Kodali, BS. Breakfast with Experts, Society of Obstetric Anesthesiology and Perinatology San Antonio, Texas. 2010.

90.  Kodali, BS. Moderator for Practice Safety and Management, ASA 2010, Atlanta, GA. 2010.

91.  Kodali, BS. What is new in our understanding of obstetric airway that could change our general anesthetic practice?, Cincinnati Anesthesiology Society Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. 2011.

92.  Kodali, BS. Capnography – How to get best use of it, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Cincinnati, OH. 2011.

93.  Kodali, BS. Moderator for Practice Safety and Management, ASA, Chicago, IL. 2011.

94.  Kodali, BS. A novel, simple video model for YouTube, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Scientific Exhibit, Chicago, IL. 2011.

95.  Kodali, BS. You did what?, Best Case Reports of the Meeting, SOAP, 43^rd Annual Meeting, Las Vega, NV. 2011.

96.  Kodali, BS. Moderator for Practice Safety and Management, ASA 2012, Washington, DC. 2012.

97.  Kodali, BS. Capnography during sedation – Covidian Lecture ASA 2012, Washington, DC. 2012.

98.  Kodali, BS. Best Case Reports. session on discussing important case reports, SOAP, Monterey, CA. 2012.

99.  Kodali, BS. Special Considerations for Anesthesiologists, Global Health on OB/GYN course, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 2013.

100.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for Practice Safety and Management Poster Session, ASA 2013, San Francisco, CA. 2013.

101.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for Oral Presentation – Practice Safety and Management, ASA 2013, San Francisco, CA. 2013.

102.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: Where are we in 2014?, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 2014.

103.         Kodali, BS. Pregnancy Related Airway Changes: What did we learn to influence our practice? Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 2014.

104.         Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds, Visiting professor lectures, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 2014.

105.         Kodali, BS. Advisor Live: Safe opioid use – Strategies for reducing adverse events and related harm, Advisor Live meeting, Premier Inc. 2014.

106.         Kodali, BS. Capnography – Exploiting the Benefits, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. 2014.

107.         Kodali, BS. Grand Rounds: Clinical Applications of Capnography – Waveform Analysis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. 2014.

108.         Kodali, BS. Resident Lecture Discussion, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. 2014.

109.         Kodali, BS. Respiratory Monitoring in Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Annual Perioperative & Critical Care Monitoring and Therapy Conference and Workshops, Pittsburgh, PA. 2014.

110.         Kodali, BS. Safety of epidural catheter insertion: inability to thread epidural catheters a, provocative hypothesis, Scientific Exhibition ASA 2014, ASA 2014 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. 2014.

111.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for the scientific abstracts, Scientific Exhibition ASA 2014, ASA 2014 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. 2014.

112.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for Oral Presentation – Practice Safety and Management, Scientific Exhibition ASA 2014, ASA 2014 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. 2014.

113.         Kodali, BS. Capnography – How do we get maximum information about patient, Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai St Luke’s, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospitals New York, NY. 2016.

114.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Airway – What did we learn?, Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai St Luke’s, Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospitals New York, NY. 2016.

115.         Kodali, BS. 12^th Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2017.

116.         Kodai BS.  Capnography. 13^th Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2018.

117.         Kodali BS. Capnography Advanced. Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2018.

118.         Kodali BS, Kahntroff S. Capnography workshop. Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2018.

119.         Kodali BS. Moderator of Clinically Challenging Cases. American Society of Anesthesiologists, San Francisco, CA. 2018

120.         Kodali BS. Workshop on capnography in pediatrics and dentistry. Society of Pediatric Sedation. Denver, Colorado, USA, 2019.

121.         Kodali BS. Capnography Advanced. Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2019.

122.         Kodali BS, Kahntroff S. Capnography workshop. Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, San Francisco, CA. 2019

123.         Kodali BS. Capnography. Annual Pediatric Sedation Outside the OR Conference, Virtual Meeting 2020.

124.         Kodali BS. Moderator of Clinically Challenging Cases. American Society of Anesthesiologists, Virtual Conference, 2020

125.         Kodali BS. Moderator of Clinically Challenging Cases. American Society of Anesthesiologists, San Deigo, CA. 2021

126.         Kodali BS. Maternal Ventilation in Critically Pregnant women. Answers to unanswered questions. Grand Rounds. University of Massachusetts Medical Center, MA. August 2022.

128.         Kodali, BS. End-tidal carbon dioxide estimations in pregnancy, 39th Indian Society of Anaesthetists Conference. 1990.

129.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Physiology and clinical applications of Capnography, Department of Anesthesia, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona. 1992.

130.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Clinical overview of Desflurane and its economic viability for developing island nations, Invitation by Zeneca Pharmaceuticals and Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of West Indies, Barbados, West Indies. 1997.

131.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Monitoring coagulation disorders using thromboelastography, Anesthesiologists of Bombay, India. 1999.

132.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Thromboelastography in Pregnancy, Addressed to Obstetricians of Bombay, Oberoi Towers, Bombay, India. 1999.

133.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Monitoring coagulation disorders using thromboelastography, Anesthesiology and Cardiac surgery of Grant Hospital, Bombay, India. 1999.

134.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography. Web based lecture using animations, Department of Anesthesiology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India. 2001.

135.         Kodali, BS. Invited guest faculty. Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Coimbatore, India. 2002.

136.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography in laparoscopic surgery, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Coimbatore, India. 2002.

137.         Kodali, BS. Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Coimbatore, India. 2002.

138.         Kodali, BS. Invited Guest Lecturer for invited audience compromising all Senior Professor and division chiefs in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India: What is new in Obstetric Anesthesia? Organized by Hyderabad Anesthesia group, Hyderabad, India. 2003.

139.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2004. Sponsored by Department of Anesthesia, Ramachandara Medical College, Madras, India. 2004

140.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Perioperative management of thyroid surgery, Sponsored by Department of Anesthesia, Ramachandara Medical College, Madras, India. 2004

141.         Kodali, BS. Case discussion: Parturient with critical mitral stenosis for cesarean delivery, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2004. Sponsored by Department of Anesthesia, Ramachandara Medical College, Madras, India. 2004

142.         Kodali, BS. Invited Professor, Introduction of Desflurane in leading Indian Medical centers in India: Escorts Heart Institute and Research, Gangaram Hospital, Delhi. 2006.

143.         Kodali, BS. Invited Professor, Inaugural oration: Capnography-Evolution, Evaluation & Utility, World Anesthesia Day Celebration, October 14th, North Eastern Mumbai, Anesthesiologists Association Conference (NEMAACON), Mumbai, India. 2006.

144.         Kodali, BS. Airway assessment and Airway Workshop, NEMAACON, Mumbai, India. 2006.

145.         Kodali, BS. Complications of laparoscopic surgery, NEMAACON, Mumbai, India. 2006.

146.         Kodali, BS. Management of hypotension during Obstetric Anesthesia, NEMAACON, Mumbai, India. 2006.

147.         Kodali, BS. Visiting Professor Lecture at Grand Rounds: Complications of laparoscopic surgery, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2006.

148.         Kodali, BS. Moderator, Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring and Engineering Technology, ASA Annual Meeting, Quebec, Canada. 2006.

149.         Kodali, BS. Lectures: What is new in Obstetric Anesthesia, Ramachandra Anesthesia continuing Education (RACE) 2007. Sponsored by Department of Anesthesia, Ramachandara Medical College, Madras, India. 2007.

150.         Kodali, BS. Breakfast session on Obstetric Anesthesia and analgesia, Ramachandra Anesthesia continuing Education (RACE) 2007. Sponsored by Department of Anesthesia, Ramachandara Medical College, Madras, India. 2007.

151.          Kodali, BS. Capnography and its clinical applications, Visiting Professor to Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. 2007.

152.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia – a comprehensive review, Visiting Professor to Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. 2007.

153.         Kodali, BS. Management of hypotension during Obstetric Anesthesia, Visiting Professor Lecture, Nizam’s Institute of Medical sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2007.

154.         Kodali, BS. Physiology of Capnography, Visiting Professor Lecture, Care Group of Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. 2007.

155.         Kodali, BS. Physiology of Capnography, Visiting Professor Lecture, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2007.

156.         Kodali, BS. Bridging the gap between obstetricians and anesthesiologists, Visiting Professor Lecture to obstetricians in the city of Hyderabad, Rainbow Hospital, India. 2007.

157.         Kodali, BS. Capnography – physics, physiology, and clinical interpretations, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2008, Sri Ramachandra Medical Deemed University, Chennai, India. 2008.

158.         Kodali, BS. Anesthetic management of patients with antepartum hemorrhage coming for LSCS, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2008, Sri Ramachandra Medical Deemed University, Chennai, India. 2008.

159.          Kodali, BS. Breakfast session: Obstetric analgesia, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2008, Sri Ramachandra Medical Deemed University, Chennai, India. 2008.

160.         Kodali, BS. What is new in Obstetric Anesthesia?, National Conference of Indian Society of Study of Pain, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. 2008.

161.         Kodali, BS. Antepartum hemorrhage and management, Visiting Professor Lecture, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2008.

162.         Kodali, BS. Clinical applications of Capnography, Visiting Professor Lecture, Care Group of Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. 2008.

163.         Kodali, BS. Capnography in current anesthetic practice, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists State Conference, Coimbatore, India. 2008.

164.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia – Whatever you want to know, Breakfast session, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists State Conference, Coimbatore, India. 2008.

165.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia – What is new?, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists State Conference, Coimbatore, India. 2008.

166.         Kodali, BS. Capnography in clinical practice, Visiting Professor Lecture, Vijayawada branch of Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Vijayawada, India. 2008.

167.         Kodali, BS. Capnography in current anesthetic practice, Visiting Professor Lecture, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2008.

168.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Anesthesia – major advances and future expectations, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

169.         Kodali, BS. What is new in Anesthesia and how it is going to impact our future practice?, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

170.         Kodali, BS. Double Lumen Tubes. Demystified, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

171.         Kodali, BS. Ask the experts: Obstetric Anesthesia and Analgesia, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

172.         Kodali, BS. Neurological complications following Obstetric Anesthesia and analgesia, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

173.         Kodali, BS. Airway Workshop: Airway assessment, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

174.         Kodali, BS. Airway Workshop: Unexpected difficult airway, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

175.         Kodali, BS. Hands on teaching on training: Video laryngoscopes, Northeast Mumbai Anesthesia Association Conference NEMAACON, World Ether Day Celebrations 2008, Mumbai, India. 2008.

176.         Kodali, BS. What is New in Anesthesia and How It Is Going To Impact Our Future Practice, Visiting Professor Lecture, Care Group of Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. 2008.

177.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for American Society of Anesthesiologists Guidelines on Obstetric Anesthesia as applicable to Indian conditions and circumstances, World Ether Day Celebrations, Hyderabad Anesthesia Society, Hyderabad, India. 2008.

178.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Analgesia – Principles, Breakfast session, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2008, Sri Ramachandra Medical Deemed University, Chennai, India. 2009.

179.         Kodali, BS. Recent Advances in Gas Monitoring, Focus session, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2008, Sri Ramachandra Medical Deemed University, Chennai, India. 2009.

180.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Analgesia, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists (Guntur), Guntur, India. 2009.

181.         Kodali, BS. Interactive Session: Obstetric Analgesia and Perinatology, Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, India. 2009.

182.         Kodali, BS. Participated several discussions sessions with anesthesiologists and obstetricians, Visiting Professor (VIP visitor), Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait. 2009.

183.         Kodali, BS. Capnography – Principles and Applications, Faculty of Anaesthesia, Kuwait Institute of Medical Specialization, Kuwait. 2009.

184.         Kodali, BS. Morbidly Obese Pregnant Patient, Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait. 2009.

185.         Kodali, BS. New developments in Anesthesiology that can impact future practice, Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait. 2009.

186.         Kodali, BS. How to Make Obstetric Anesthesia Safe? Lessons Learned from CMACH, Kasturba Medical University, Anesthesia Postgraduate Academic Program, Manipal, India. 2009.

187.         Kodali, BS. Preeclampsia and Obstetric Hemorrhage – Problem Based Learning, Kasturba Medical University, Anesthesia Postgraduate Academic Program, Manipal, India. 2009.

188.         Kodali, BS. Measurement techniques and clinical applications of Capnography, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, Chennai, India. 2009.

189.         Kodali, BS. Moderator for Anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery in a patient with Multivalvular disease, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting Chennai, India. 2009.

190.         Kodali, BS. Physiology of Laparoscopy, Guntur Medial College, NTR University Guntur, India. 2009.

191.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Understanding low flow Anesthesia, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

192.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Renal protection during Anesthesia, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

193.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Tackling difficult Obstetric airway, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

194.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: The right monitors and how to get best out of it, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

195.         Kodali, BS. Ask the experts – Anesthesia for Endoscopy, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

196.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Ask the experts – Obstetric clinical problems, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Conference 2010, Mumbai, India. 2010.

197.         Kodali, BS. How to get maximum benefit from Capnography, Qatar Health – Anesthesia Track, Doha, Qatar. 2010.

198.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric airway – Why is it difficult and how to manage an airway crisis?, Qatar Health – Anesthesia Track, Doha, Qatar. 2010.

199.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric airway? What is new?, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Guntur Branch, Guntur, India. 2011.

200.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric airway. What did we learn from our experience?, Department of Anesthesiology, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India. 2011.

201.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric airway? How does it change with labor?, Axon Anesthesiology Associates, Hyderabad, India. 2011.

202.         Kodali, BS. What did we learn from obstetric airway that is applicable to routine clinical anesthetic practice, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Vijayawada, India. 2011.

203.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric airway – What is new?, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research. Pondicherry, India. 2011.

204.         Kodali, BS. Is Obstetric airway really difficult?, Fourth All India Obstetric Anesthesia Conference, Hyderabad, India. 2011.

205.         Kodali, BS. PDPH – Sequelae and management, Fourth All India Obstetric Anesthesia Conference, Hyderabad, India. 2011.

206.         Kodali, BS. What is new in Capnography, Kuwait Anesthesia Refresher Courses, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2011.

207.         Kodali, BS. What is new in Obstetric Anesthesia, Kuwait Anesthesia Refresher Courses, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2011.

208.         Kodali, BS. Operating room efficiency. Is it possible?, Kuwait Anesthesia Refresher Courses, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2011.

209.         Kodali, BS. How to make epidurals work, Kuwait Anesthesia Refresher Courses, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2011.

210.         Kodali, BS. Morbidly obese pregnant women, Kuwait Anesthesia Refresher Courses, Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2011.

211.         Kodali, BS. Airway work shop at Indian Society of Anesthesiology annual meeting, Mumbai, India. 2011.

212.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: What is new in Capnography for 2011, Indian Society of Anesthesiology annual meeting, Mumbai, India. 2011.

213.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Recent advances in airway devices, Indian Society of Anesthesiology annual meeting, Mumbai, India. 2011.

214.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Recent advances in Obstetric Anesthesia, Indian Society of Anesthesiology annual meeting, Mumbai, India. 2011.

215.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: Where are we in 2011?, South of Ireland Annual Scientific Meeting. 2011.

216.         Kodali, BS. Difficult Airways in Obstetrics: Risk and Management?, South of Ireland Annual Scientific Meeting. 2011.

217.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: How to make best use of it, Department of Anesthesiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of West Indies, Barbados. 2012.

218.         Kodali, BS. How is America Board of Anesthesiology examinations different from University of West Indies, Anesthesiology Examiners Meeting, University of West Indies, Barbados. 2012.

219.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: How to setup an Obstetric Analgesia unit for Labor and Delivery, 5th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, New Delhi, India. 2012.

220.         Kodali, BS. Oration Lecture: Obstetric Epidurals: Is ensuring patient safety the most difficult task?, 5th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, New Delhi, India. 2012.

221.         Kodali, BS. Moderator: Obstetric Labor Analgesia: Does education of anesthesia residents suffer in general anesthesia training?, 5th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, New Delhi, India. 2012.

222.         Kodali, BS. Labor Analgesia: Discussion on random topics Breakfast session, 5th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, New Delhi, India. 2012.

223.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia Workshop: Labor epidurals: How do I do it?, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

224.         Kodali, BS. Panel Discussion: Better be safe than sorry, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

225.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Operating room efficiency, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

226.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Physiology of Laparoscopy, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

227.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Capnography: How to get the most of it, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

228.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: When things go wrong in Obstetric Anesthesia…treading a safe path, Mumbai Anaethesioloigists Society (MASCON) 2012 – Basics and Beyond, World Anaethesia Day CME & Congress, Mumbai, India. 2012.

229.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: Where we should head?, Covidien – ASA Annual meeting on ‘Revealing a More Complete Picture – Putting the Power of Capnography and Pulse Oximetry with the Respiration Rate into your Hands’, Washington, DC. Sponsored by Covidien. 2012.

230.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Clinical diagnosis using capnography, Visiting Professor, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2013, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2013.

231.         Kodali, BS. Lecture: Bleeding parturient for emergency LSCS. Visiting Professor, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE) 2013, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2013.

232.         Kodali, BS. Lecture on Morbidly obese pregnant women Anesthetic implications, One-day Visiting Professor, Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2013.

233.         Kodali, BS. What did we learn from obstetric airway that is applicable to routine clinical anesthetic practice?, Chinese Society of Anesthesiologists 21^st Annual Meeting, Meijiang Convention and Exhibition Center, Tianjin, China. 2013.

234.         Kodali, BS. Advisory Role to implement futuristic operating room functionality, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China. 2013.

235.         Kodali, BS. Workshop: Labor analgesia: How to troubleshoot epidurals, 6^th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Managalore, India. 2013.

236.         Kodali, BS. Moderator: Poster session and selection of best poster of the meeting, 6^th National Conference, Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Managalore, India. 2013.

237.         Kodali, BS. What Did We Learn From Obstetric Airway That is Applicable to Routine Clinical Anesthetic Practice?, 21st Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (SCA) 2013, China. 2013.

238.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia: When Things Go Wrong…Treading a Safe Path, 47th Annual Turkish Anesthesia and Reanimation Society Meeting, Antalya, Turkey. 2013

239.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: How to get the most from it?, 47th Annual Turkish Anesthesia and Reanimation Society Meeting, Antalya, Turkey. 2013

240.         Kodali, BS. Expanded Uses of Capnography, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

241.         Kodali, BS. Sedation should not be given during fiberoptic intubation of a difficult airway, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

242.         Kodali, BS. ASA 2013 Difficult Airway Algorithm –What has changed?, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

243.         Kodali, BS. Patient with a difficult airway for caesarean section, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

244.         Kodali, BS. Pregnancy related airway changes – What did we learn to change our practice?, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

245.         Kodali, BS. Over view of Videolaryngoscopes. Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) National Conference, Mumbai, India. 2013.

246.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: How do I use in clinical practice, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. 2013.

247.         Kodali, BS. The future of anesthesia is in your hands: What are your obligations?, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Chennai, India. 2014.

248.         Kodali, BS. Invasive airway access, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Chennai, India. 2014.

249.         Kodali, BS. Media Committee Meeting, SOAP 46^th Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2014.

250.         Kodali, BS. Unanticipated difficult airway: Cannot Ventilate, Cannot Intubate, Ramachandra Advanced Airway Life Support in Association with All India Difficult Airway Association and A Difficult Airway Society of United Kingdom Chennai, India. 2014.

251.         Kodali, BS. Severe PIH with airway edema for emergency LSCS, Videolaryngoscopy Demonstration, Ramachandra Advanced Airway Life Support in Association with All India Difficult Airway Association and A Difficult Airway Society of United Kingdom Chennai, India. 2014.

252.         Kodali, BS. Thematic session – Safe Motherhood: Minimizing anesthesia-related maternal morbidity and mortality, 7th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Varanasi, India. 2014.

253.         Kodali, BS. Myths, controversies and your questions, 7th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Varanasi, India. 2014.

254.         Kodali, BS. Troubleshooting in labor analgesia, 7th National Conference of the Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists, Varanasi, India. 2014.

255.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: What should you know?, Association of Anesthesiologists in Rajahmundry representing three medical schools, Rajahmundry, India. 2014.

256.         Kodali, BS. How to ensure safety of Obstetric Anesthesia, Association of Anesthesiologists in Rajahmundry representing three medical schools, Rajahmundry, India. 2014.

257.         Kodali, BS. Management of Obstetric hemorrhage, Association of Anesthesiologists in Rajahmundry representing three medical schools, Rajahmundry, India. 2014.

258.         Kodali, BS. Laparoscopic Surgery in Pregnancy, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

259.         Kodali, BS. What Did We Learn from Obstetric Airway That is Applicable to Routine Clinical Anesthetic Practice?, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

260.         Kodali, BS. Morbidly obese anesthesia – Morbidly obese pregnant woman, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

261.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Analgesia: How do I succeed in providing labor analgesia to meet expectations of the parturient?, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

262.         Kodali, BS. Exit procedure: What is it and when is this indicated?, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

263.         Kodali, BS. Massive transfusion: New Protocol: Are we on the right track, 6^th Anesthesia & Critical Care (ACC) Conference, Ministry of Health, The State of Kuwait. 2014.

264.         Kodali, BS. Yesterday’s Luxury – Today’s Necessity: End Tidal Carbon Monoxide Monitoring During Conscious Sedation, 62nd Annual National Conference of Indian Society of Anesaesthesiologists, Madurai, India. 2014.

265.         Kodali, BS. Safety and Obstetrics Anesthesia, 62nd Annual National Conference of Indian Society of Anesaesthesiologists, Madurai, India. 2014.

266.         Kodali, BS. Capnography: Where are we now? Where are we heading? Covidien Canadian Association of Anesthesia meeting, Sponsored by Covidien. St-John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. 2014.

267.         Kodali, BS. Intrauterine Fetal Surgery – Anesthetic Implications, CARE/Rainbow/Axon Group Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

268.         Kodali, BS. Pulse Oximetry and Capnography, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Ramachandra University, Chennai, India. 2015.

269.         Kodali, BS. Management of a Patient with Massive Blood Loss, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Ramachandra University, Chennai, India. 2015.

270.         Kodali, BS. Moderator of panel discussion, Global Practices – Local Applicability – Thematic Panel on Labour Analgesia & Beyond,

271.         Kodali, BS. Labour Analgesia – Overview, 8^th National Conference of Association of obstetric Anaesthesiologists, 1^st World obstetric Anaesthesia Congress, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

272.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel, LA techniques: Video demonstration and interaction with the expert panel, 8^th National Conference of Association of obstetric Anaesthesiologists, 1^st World obstetric Anaesthesia Congress, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

273.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel, LA techniques: Trouble shooting – Making your block safe and effective, 8^th National Conference of Association of obstetric Anaesthesiologists, 1^st World obstetric Anaesthesia Congress, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

274.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel, LA techniques: Audience demand – Questions!, 8^th National Conference of Association of obstetric Anaesthesiologists, 1^st World obstetric Anaesthesia Congress, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

275.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel, LA techniques: Convinced for regional, now has Wet Tap and PDPH!, 8^th National Conference of Association of obstetric Anaesthesiologists, 1^st World obstetric Anaesthesia Congress, Hyderabad, India. 2015.

276.         Kodali, BS. Operating room efficiency matrix, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India (Boston GMCH CME). 2015.

277.         Kodali, BS. Traditional versus new transfusion protocols for obstetric hemorrhage. Which is better?, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India (Boston GMCH CME). 2015.

278.         Kodali, BS. What did we learn from obstetric airway studies that can be applied to our clinical practice?, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India (Boston GMCH CME). 2015.

279.         Kodali, BS. Preeclampisa (HELLP) – Panel discussion, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India (Boston GMCH CME). 2015.

280.         Kodali, BS. Grand rounds lecture: Capnography: The current status., Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Salzburg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. 2015.

281.         Kodali, BS. Is maternal temperature rise during neuraxial labor analgesia a physiological process due to decreased pulmonary ventilation?, The International Symposium – Obstetric Anesthesia – Effect on Mother and Newborn. Budapest, Hungary. 2015.

282.         Kodali, BS. Labor analgesia in a morbidly obese parturient, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2016.

283.         Kodali, BS. Malignant hyperthermia, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2016.

284.         Kodali, BS. Understanding ETCO2. Tip for an Anesthesiologist, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Nasik, India. (CME Workstation & Obstetric Anesthesia). 2016.

285.         Kodali, BS. Anesthetic management of patient with Antepartum hemorrhage coming for LSCS. How do I do it?, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Nasik, India. (CME Workstation & Obstetric Anesthesia). 2016.

286.         Kodali, BS. Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Nasik, India. (CME Workstation & Obstetric Anesthesia). 2016.

287.         Kodali, BS. Moderator: Case discussion to seek your opinion, Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Nasik, India. (CME Workstation & Obstetric Anesthesia). 2016.

288.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker: Laparoscopic Surgery in Pregnancy, The 13^th International Annual Meeting of Indonesian Society of Obstetric Anesthesia, Indonesian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine – The 5^th Indonesian Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Congress, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2016.

289.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker: Safety and Obstetric Anesthesia, The 13^th International Annual Meeting of Indonesian Society of Obstetric Anesthesia, Indonesian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine – The 5^th Indonesian Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Congress, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2016.

290.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker: Operating Room Efficiency Matrix, The 13^th International Annual Meeting of Indonesian Society of Obstetric Anesthesia, Indonesian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine – The 5^th Indonesian Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Congress, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2016.

291.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker: What Did We Learn from Obstetric Airway That is Applicable to Routine Clinical Anesthetic Practice, The 13^th International Annual Meeting of Indonesian Society of Obstetric Anesthesia, Indonesian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine – The 5^th Indonesian Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists Congress, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2016.

292.         Kodali, BS. Chairperson, Session VI: Obstetric Anaesthesia, 32nd International Annual Conference, Egyptian Anesthesia 2016, Egyptian Society of Anesthesiologists, Cairo, Egypt. 2016.

293.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker Lecture: Laparoscopic Surgery in Pregnancy, 32nd International Annual Conference, Egyptian Anesthesia 2016, Egyptian Society of Anesthesiologists, Cairo, Egypt. 2016.

294.         Kodali, BS. Invited Speaker Lecture: Morbidly Obese Pregnant Woman, 32nd International Annual Conference, Egyptian Anesthesia 2016, Egyptian Society of Anesthesiologists, Cairo, Egypt. 2016.

295.         Kodali, BS. Morbidly Obese Pregnant Women, 10^th Conference of Obstetric and Gynecological Anesthesia, Beijing, China. 2016.

296.         Kodali, BS. Minimizing Anesthesia Related Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, 25th Indian Society of Anesthesia Conference (ISCON, AP), Kurnool, AP, India. 2016.

297.         Kodali, BS. Capnography – What we have learnt from past 30 years, 25th Indian Society of Anesthesia Conference (ISCON, AP), Kurnool, AP, India. 2016.

298.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anesthesia Workshop, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

299.         Kodali, BS. Labor Analgesia: Primum Nocere, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

300.         Kodali, BS. Labor Analgesia- Safety First, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

301.         Kodali, BS. Why Difficult Airway is More Difficult in Obstetric Patients?, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

302.         Kodali, BS. Panel Discussion: Labor analgesia, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

303.         Kodali, BS. Panel Discussion: How do we practice in private practice settings?, 9th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesia, AOA-MASCON 2016, Mumbai Anesthesiologists Society, Leelavati Hospital & Research Centre, Bandra, India. 2016.

304.         Kodali, BS. Labor Analgesia Workshop, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

305.         Kodali, BS. Equipment for labor analgesia, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

306.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel: Case scenarios, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

307.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel: Managing Controversies of in labor analgesia, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

308.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel: Capnography – Practical Implications, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

309.         Kodali, BS. Expert Panel: Pearls for success in labor analgesia practice, 64th Indian Society of Anesthesia National Annual Meeting (ISACON 2016), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2016.

310.         Kodali, BS. The goal of the obstetricians and anesthesiologists is same (Optimum maternal and neonatal outcome) – How to achieve it?, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. 2016.

311.         Kodali, BS. Monitoring in Anesthesia, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2017.

312.         Kodali, BS. Physiology of CO2 Transport, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2017.

313.         Kodali, BS. Difficult Airway in Obstetrics- Current guidelines, Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Education (RACE), Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India. 2017.

314.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric Anaesthesia, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, India. 2017.

315.         Kodali, BS. Invited Lecture: Three decades of capnography, 64th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists, Kobe, Japan. 2017.

316.         Kodali, BS. Invited Lecture: What did we learn from obstetric airway?, 64th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists, Kobe, Japan. 2017.

317.         Kodali, BS. Why some mothers bleed and some don’t?, 10^th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists, Bengaluru, India. 2017.

318.         Kodali, BS. Obstetric anesthesia: How, where, and when it can go wrong?, 10^th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists, Bengaluru, India. 2017.

319.         Kodali, BS. Speaker: Capnography in ICU, 21st Alexandria Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Conference, Alexandria Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ASAIC), Alexandria University, Egypt. 2017.

320.         Kodali, BS. Speaker: Obstetric Anaesthesia in Morbid Obese, 21st Alexandria Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Conference, Alexandria Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ASAIC), Alexandria University, Egypt. 2017.

321.         Kodali, BS. Chairperson: The Role of ICU in Pregnant Subjects, 21st Alexandria Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Conference, Alexandria Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ASAIC), Alexandria University, Egypt. 2017.

322.         Kodali, BS. Keynote Speaker: Making Obstetric Anesthesia Safer: What are the options we have?, 19^th Annual Maharshtra State Anaesthesia Convention, Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISACON), Nanded, India. 2017.

323.         Kodali, BS. Capnography, 26th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Andrha Pradesh, Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISACON AP), Kakinada, India. 2017.

324.         Kodali, BS. Delegate, Acute renal shutdown in pregnancy, 65^th Annual Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists Conference (ISACON), Kolkata, India. 2017.

325.         Kodali, BS. Delegate, Hemoglobinopathies in pregnancy, 65^th Annual Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists Conference (ISACON), Kolkata, India. 2017.

326.         Kodali BS. Panel Discussion “Contentious issues in Obstetric Anaeshesia”.  GANGA Medical Center Refresher Course, Coimbatore, India.

327.         Kodali BS. Surgical skills needed for anesthesia outside the OR. GANGA Medical Center Refresher Course, Coimbatore, India.

328.         Kodali BS. Ask the Experts? GANGA Medical Center Refresher Course, Coimbatore, India.

329.         Kodali BS. Optimizing outcomes in high-risk obstetrics. Panel Discussion. High Risk Obstetrics Continuing Medical Education. Hyderabad, India. 2018.

330.         Kodali BS. Near misses in obstetrics. Keynote Address. High Risk Obstetrics Continuing Medical Education. Hyderabad, India. 2018

331.         Kodali BS. Labor Analgesia Workshop. 11^th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists. Jodhpur, India. 2018.

332.         Kodali BS. PDPH following central neuraxial block. Clinical update. 11^th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists. Jodhpur, India. 2018

333.         Kodali BS. Ask Anything -PBLD. 11^th National Conference of Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists. Jodhpur, India. 2018

334.         Kodali BS. Workshop on Capnography. First European Pediatric Sedation Conference. Maastricht, Netherlands. 2018.

335.         Kodali BS. Morbidly obese parturient: Challenges for the anesthesiologist. What is new?. Sri Ramachandra Continuing Education (RACE 2019), Chennai, India.

336.         Kodali BS. Capnography. Workshop. Sri Ramachandra Continuing Education (RACE 2019), Chennai, India.

337.         Kodali BS. Role of intensive care units in obstetric practice. 16^th Inoanesthesia Annual Meeting. Jakarta, Indonesia. .2019

338.         Kodali BS. Is it possible to provide optimum neuraxial analgesia for labor? 16^th Inoanesthesia Annual Meeting. Jakarta, Indonesia. 2019

339.         Kodali BS. Collapse of Parturient. Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, South Zone. Hyderabad, India. 2019

340.         Kodali BS. Obese Pregnant Women. How do we mange labor and delivery. Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, South Zone. Hyderabad, India. 2019

341.         Kodali BS. Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Newer strategies of management. Saving Sick Mothers. Rainbow Hospital. Hyderabad, India, 2019.

342.         Kodali BS. Medical Disorders in Pregnancy. Panel Discussion. Saving Sick Mothers. Rainbow Hospital. Hyderabad, India, 2019.

343.         Kodali BS. Three Decades of Capnography. Where are we?  Plenary Lecture. 11^th National and 1^st International Conference of the Indian College of Anesthesiologists, ICACON 2019. New Delhi, India.

344.         Kodali BS. Meet The Experts. (Obstetric Anesthesia). 11^th National and 1^st International Conference of the Indian College of Anesthesiologists, ICACON 2019. New Delhi, India.

345.         Kodali BS. Labor Analgesia. What is New? 11^th National and 1^st International Conference of the Indian College of Anesthesiologists, ICACON 2019. New Delhi, India

346.         Kodali BS. Applications and Interpretations of Capnography: Tricks of the Trade. Symposium. The Fundamentals and Practical Applications in Hospital-Based and Dental Sedation. Pediatric Sedation Outside the Operating Room. San Francisco, CA, USA, 2019

347.         Kodali BS. Understanding the Nuances to Diagnose and Treat. Scaling Up Excellence “In Pediatric Sedation. Pediatric Sedation Outside the Operating Room”. San Francisco, CA, USA, 2019

348.         Kodali BS. Labor Analgesia – Myth’s and How to S’. Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute. Puducherry, India, 2019

349.         Kodali BS. Capnography- Overview. Puducherry Society of Anesthesiologists. Puducherry. India , 2019

350.         Kodali BS. Maternal Near Misses: Prospects and Challenges in Low Resource Countries. Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists. 12^th National Conference. Chennai, India, 2019

351.         Kodali BS. Maternal Hemorrhage – Tsunami in OB. Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists. 12^th National Conference, 2019. Chennai, India.

352.         Kodali BS. Noninvasive respiratory monitoring of minute ventilation- Novel methods. Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists. 12^th National Conference 2019. Chennai, India.

353.         Kodali BS. Contentious issues between the Anesthesiologist & Obstetrician. Moderator for the Panel Discussion. Association of Obstetric Anaesthesiologists. 12^th National Conference, 2019. Chennai, India.

354.         Kodali BS. Preeclampsia – Current Concepts in Preeclampsia. Sri Ramachandra Continuing Education (RACE 2020), Chennai, India.

355.         Kodali BS. Monitoring Intraoperative Coagulopathy. Sri Ramachandra Continuing Education (RACE 2020), Chennai, India.

356.         Kodali BS. Unanticipated difficult airway in Category II LSCS. Sri Ramachandra Continuing Education (RACE 2020), Chennai, India.

357.         Kodali BS. Physiological Dead Space. Are we back to Bohr? 17^th National IndoAnesthesia Annual Meeting, 2020. Jakarta, Indonesia.

358.         Kodali BS. The role of ICUs in Obstetrical Practice. 17^th National IndoAnesthesia Annual Meeting, 2020. Jakarta, Indonesia.

359.         Kodali BS. Capnography. How I apply Into Clinical Practice. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

360.         Kodali BS. Non-Anesthesiology Skills For Anesthesiologists For a Successful Career. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

361.         Kodali BS. Labor analgesia. How Do We Provide Best Care. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

362.         Kodali BS. Physiological Dead Space. Are We Back to Bohr?  All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

363.         Kodali BS. How do we optimize Anesthesia to Match Physiology of Pregnancy? All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

364.         Kodali BS. How do we align our mutual goals for ultimate benefit of our patients? All India Institute of Medical Sciences. New Delhi, India 2020.

365.         Kodali BS. Covid-19 in pregnancy. Oceana and Asian Society of Anesthesiology. Webinar to 63 countries and 5000 participants. 2020.

367.         Kodali BS. Post Covid-19 Stress Disorder. Lecture and Panel Discussion. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, Coimbatore Chapter, Webinar 2020

369.         Kodali BS. First Virtual Conference. Challenging Sedation Cases: Ask the International Experts.  Pediatric Sedation Outside the Operating Room. Boston Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Webinar 2020

370.         Kodali BS. Capnography. A comprehensive Understanding. Mumbai Association of Anesthesiology for Post Graduate Students and Anesthesiologists (170 participants). Webinar 2020

371.         Kodali BS. Capnography. Where Are We Now? Indian Society of Anesthesiologists WEBCON Kerala 2020, India.

372.         Kodali BS. Maternal Collapse. Panel Discussion. Association of Obstetric Anesthesiologists of India. Webinar on Maternal Safety,2021, India.

373.         Kodali BS. Capnography as Applicable to Fire Fighters and Frontline Medics. Maryland Firefighter Consortium. Web Based Lecture. 2021

374.         Kodali BS. Maternal Collapse. Ramachandra Anesthesia Continuing Medical Education. Webinar 2021, India.

375.         Kodali BS. Moderator. Transport of Critically Pregnant Woman. YUVA FOGSI 2021

376.         Kodali BS. Panel Expert.  Maternal smorgasbord: Anuria /jaundice / shortness of breath/ unconscious patient. YUVA FOGSI 2021

377.         Kodali BS. Converting Labor Epidural Analgesia to anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery. 14^th National Conference: Association of Anesthesiologists India 2021 Virtual Platform. 2021

378.         Kodali BS. Bleeding Parturient. Moderator. 14^th National Conference: Association of Anesthesiologists India 2021 Virtual Platform. 2021

379.         Kodali BS. Postpartum Hemorrhage. A Roadmap to Success. Alexandria Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Alexandria, Egypt. Virtual Platform to Live Meeting. 2021.

380.         Kodali BS. Peripartum Collapse. High Risk Obstetrics (Saving sick Mother 2021). BirthRight, Rainbow Hospitals, Hyderabad, India, Virtual Platform 2021

382.         Kodali BS. Labor Analgesia. How to Troubleshoot. 68^th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Hybrid Meeting. India 2021

383.         Kodali BS. A Roadmap to Success. Alexandria Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 19^th Indoanesthesia Annual Conference 2022.

384.         Kodali BS. Panel Discussion. Labor Analgesia. Association of Obstetric Anesthesiology. Webinar, Chandigarh, India 2022

385.         Kodali BS. Open Ended Question Answer Session. Combined Obstetricians and Anesthesiologists. Rainbow Hospitals, Hyderabad, India 2022.

386.         Kodali BS. Troubleshooting an epidural. Ganga Anesthesia Refresher Course, Coimbatore, Webinar, India 2022.

387.